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INTERNATIONAL

India-made COVID-19 vaccine to be launched February – Official

An Indian government-backed COVID-19 vaccine could be launched as early as February -months earlier than expected – as last-stage trials begin this month, a senior government scientist said.

The studies have so far showed it is safe and effective, a scientist added.

Bharat Biotech, a private company that is developing COVAXIN with the government-run Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), had earlier hoped to launch it only in the second quarter of next year.

“The vaccine has shown good efficacy,” senior ICMR scientist Rajni Kant, who is also a member of its COVID-19 task-force, said at the research body’s New Delhi headquarters on Thursday.

“It is expected that by the beginning of next year, February or March, something would be available.”

A launch in February would make COVAXIN the first India-made vaccine to be rolled out.

India’s cases of coronavirus infections rose by 50,201 cases on Thursday to 8.36 million, second only to the U.S.

Deaths rose by 704, with the total now at 124,315.

The daily rise in infections and deaths has slowed since a peak in mid-September.

Kant, who is the head of ICMR’s research management, policy, planning and coordination cell, said it was up to the health ministry to decide if COVAXIN shots can be given to people even before the third-stage trials are over.

“It has shown safety and efficacy in the phase 1 and 2 trials and in the animal studies – so it is safe but you can’t be 100 per cent sure unless the phase 3 trials are over,” Kant said.

“There may be some risk, if you are ready to take the risk, you can take the vaccine. If necessary, the government can think of giving the vaccine in an emergency situation.”

Health Minister Harsh Vardhan said in September the government was considering granting an emergency authorisation for a COVID-19 vaccine, particularly for the elderly and people in high-risk workplaces.

Several leading vaccine candidates are already in final-stage testing.

An experimental vaccine developed by Britain’s AstraZeneca is among the most advanced ones, and Britain expects to roll it out in late December or early 2021.

AstraZeneca has signed several supply and manufacturing deals with companies and governments around the world, including with the Serum Institute of India.

Other late-stage vaccines are developed by Moderna Inc, Pfizer Inc with partner BioNTech SE, and Johnson & Johnson.

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NEWS & LIFE

COVID-19 vaccine mandatory, free for people over 18 in Argentina

An eventual vaccine against COVID-19 will be “mandatory” and free in Argentina for people over 18, Xinhua news agency reported quoting an official from the country’s Ministry of Health.

The Ministry’s chief of staff Lisandro Bonelli said in an interview with a local radio that the vaccine will be “mandatory” to protect both individual and collective interests.

”People more 60 who have comorbidities as well as essential healthcare workers and security personnel will have priority for getting vaccinated before the rest of the population that is over 18”, he said.

The government plans to initially obtain 10 million doses of the Russian Sputnik ‘V’vaccine by the end of December, should the vaccine’s Phase III clinical trials be successful.

Another 15 million doses would be acquired by January, contingent on validating all the procedures of national and international regulations, said Bonelli.

He added that the maximum term for applying the vaccine would be the Southern Hemisphere winter of 2021.

Argentina registered its first case of COVID-19 on March 3, and has reported more than 1,195,000 confirmed cases of infection and more than 32,000 deaths from the disease.

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EDUCATION HEADLINES NEWS & LIFE

COVID-19: FG to set up indigenous vaccine production

The Federal Government has announced plans to set up a modern vaccine production company in Nigeria to encourage licensed indigenous production of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccines.

The Minister of Health, Dr. Osagie Ehanire disclosed this at the PTF briefing on Tuesday in Abuja.

Ehanire said that the ministry was preparing to sign a Memorandum of Understanding with a first line pharmaceutical company in Nigeria, on a Public/Private partnership to set up the company.

He also said government was working with the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure Nigeria’s access to the COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it became available.

The minister expressed concern over the decline in the testing rate in several states of the federation, as over 2.8 million cases were reported globally in the last one week.

According to him, records show that only Lagos and the FCT have met the testing target of at least one per cent of the population.

”Plateau, Rivers and Gombe have reached over 50 per cent of their one per cent of their target, while 25 states are yet to reach 25 per cent of their population.

“The evolving global situation of COVID-19 gives us much reason for concern with half of the cases in Europe.
“The UK, France, Germany, Spain and others in Europe have resorted to lockdown and other measures, to control the pandemic.

“With the high volume of air traffic between Nigeria and Europe, we are examining the associated risk factors for Nigeria.

“Our concern is heightened by several emerging factors that challenge whatever gains we may have made in recent months.

“The inevitable need to reopen air travel, to stimulate economic activities, the imminent reopening of schools and Youth Service, again necessary for restoration of social order, but which global experience links with spikes in covid infection rates in most countries,” the minister said.

He added that the effect of recent social agitation and unrest, with attendant disruption of services and widespread breach of all infection prevention protocols, the growing lackadaisical attitude to COVID-19 and disregard for safety and simple infection prevention and control measures was also a source of concern.

Ehanire also noted that contact tracing and case finding have declined in states with a consequent reduction in the number of persons tested.

“I, therefore, renew my call on states and stakeholders to step up testing capacity, to help identify positive cases for isolation or treatment and protect the rest of the population, which is the duty of government.

“I wish to particularly emphasize the need to protect the elderly and vulnerable, who are the most affected in fatalities,” he said.

The minister disclosed that the Ministry of Health would next week launch an advocacy campaign in which a representative from the Minister would visit hotspot States that required encouragement.

Ehanire added that the representatives would discuss their specific needs and challenges and find ways of stepping up sample collection for testing.

“I have also directed the Department of Hospital Services to work with NCDC to design criteria and a strategy for sentinel surveillance with sample collection at Out-Patient Units of Federal Health Institutions and their outreaches, to augment the work of State authorities.

“This should improve the test volume considerably”, he said.

Following the resurgence of COVID-19 cases in other countries especially Europe, the Minister urged Nigerians to avoid non essential travels especially to high burden countries.

He however, disclosed that 18 travellers out of over 78,000 arrivals, were found to be covid positive at the second testing in Nigeria.

The minister further informed that an appraisal of Nigeria’s position in the global COVID-19 space have been prepared by the Ministerial Expert Advisory Committee on COVID-19 and would be discussed at PTF, before release to the public.

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INTERNATIONAL

Japan’s gov’t endorses bill to offer free COVID-19 vaccines

The Japanese government endorsed a bill on Tuesday to make novel coronavirus vaccinations free to all residents in the country.

The bill will also compensate suppliers of the vaccines should serious side effects be caused and free health care will be offered to recipients of the vaccine should they experience any adverse effect.

The bill seeks to amend the current vaccination law and comes on the heels of Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga in his first policy speech in parliament since taking office in September delivered a day earlier.

The government said that the government would make sure that it secures enough vaccines for all people in Japan.

Once their safety has been confirmed pending clinical trials and regulatory approval, Suga said the government aims to secure enough vaccines for all people in Japan in the first half of next year.

The ruling Liberal Democratic Party-led (LDP) coalition is aiming to pass legislation to secure the coronavirus vaccines by the end of the current Diet session on Dec. 5 and has allocated a budget of 671.4 billion yen (6.4 billion dollars) to achieve this.

The ruling Liberal Democratic Party-led (LDP) coalition is aiming to pass legislation to secure the coronavirus vaccines by the end of the current Diet session on Dec. 5.

Also the coalition had allocated a budget of 671.4 billion yen (6.4 billion dollars) to achieve this.

Agreements between the Japanese government and British drugmaker AstraZeneca Plc. have been made as well as with U.S. pharmaceutical firm Pfizer Inc.

In both cases, Japan has agreed to receive 120 million doses of the vaccine from each company provided they are successfully developed.

Japan is also in talks with U.S. firm Moderna Inc. to secure at least 40 million vaccines.

The bill urges the public to make concerted efforts to get vaccinated and local municipalities will offer the inoculations with the costs being fully covered by the central government.

While the Japanese government has been hoping that pharmaceutical firms will be able to develop a homegrown vaccine, so far local drugmakers involved in COVID-19 vaccine developments are only in the early stages of clinical trials.

The government also endorsed a separated bill on Tuesday to revise the quarantine laws so that the isolation measures for people who test positive for the virus upon entry into Japan can be continued after February 2021.

This bill is also planned to be passed during the current Diet session.

So far Japan had 97,074 infected cases of COVID-19, 1,718 death and 89,709 people had recovered.

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NEWS & LIFE

Iran joins WHO’s COVAX initiative on equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccine

Iran has joined the World Health Organisation’s COVAX initiative for the equitable global distribution of prospective COVID-19 vaccines.

The Director-General of Drugs and Controlled Substances of Iran’s Ministry of Health Heidar Mohammadi made this known on Monday.

The Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) quotes Mohammadi as saying that Tehran has signed the necessary paperwork to be part of the global vaccine drive.

Iran joins more than 170 nations and entities as part of the network aimed at fairly delivering some two billion vaccines worldwide by the end of 2021.

IRNA also cited Iranian Minister of Health Saeed Namaki as saying that the country was also working on developing its own vaccine against the virus.

Iran’s vaccine candidate is now in the animal testing phase and is set to move to phase one human trial in the near future, the agency reported.

China announced it was joining the initiative earlier this month, which puts it in the running with most other major world economies.

The U.S. and Russia have so far refrained from joining the programme.

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INTERNATIONAL

UAE foreign minister receives China-developed COVID-19 vaccine

Emirati Foreign Minister, Abdullah bin Zayed, has been vaccinated against COVID-19, one month after the United Arab Emirates (UAE) approved the emergency use of a vaccine developed by a Chinese company for front-line workers.

Sharing the news on Twitter on Friday, Abdullah posted a picture of himself giving a thumbs-up while what appears to be a health-care worker gives him the injection.

“Vaccination against coronavirus is our way to return to normal life,” the minister wrote, along with a hashtag in Arabic, reading “vaccinated”.

Abdullah, who is also the brother of the country’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, is the latest Emirati official to receive the vaccine in the past months.

Health Minister Abdel-Rahman al-Owais was vaccinated in September shortly after he said the government had authorised the emergency use of the vaccine to those who are most exposed to COVID-19 patients.

The UAE has been carrying out phase III clinical trials of a vaccine developed by Chinese pharmaceutical company Sinopham since July.

Other UAE officials have also received the vaccine, including the crown prince’s son, Khalid.

Officials at the foreign ministry and workers at Sharjah airport have also received the vaccine.

The health ministry said in September that around 31,000 people had volunteered to take part in the trials, adding that no serious side effects had been recorded so far.

The UAE has recorded more than 110,000 coronavirus cases.

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NEWS & LIFE

Affordable COVID-19 vaccine may not be available in Nigeria in 2 years, Physician says

A Consultant Public Health Physician, Dr Oluwatomi Owopetu, says a widespread and affordable Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine may not be available in Nigeria earlier than two years to come.

Owopetu, who made the assertion during an online conference hosted by the Centre for Palliative Care, Nigeria, said that this was in spite of the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) optimism of a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2020.

The WHO had on Tuesday said that there was hope for a COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2020.

The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reports that the online conference was to commemorate the World Hospice and Palliative Care Day 2020 with theme as: “My Comfort, My Care”.

Palliative care is an interdisciplinary medical caregiving approach aimed at optimising quality of life and mitigating suffering among people with serious, complex illnesses.

Owopetu said that while the country awaited the distribution of safe and affordable future vaccines against COVID-19, there must be greater investment into palliative and hospice care.

According to her, a healthy future, disease survival, improved quality of life, decreased hospitalisation and reduction in medical costs cannot be achieved without a sustainable palliative and hospice care.

“Palliative and Hospice Care go beyond providing care and comfort to the dying or those terminally ill.

“It also helps to improve a patient’s quality of life and physical pain management.

“Palliative care during this pandemic should not be undermined, its importance may not be immediately evident as health systems grapple with providing curative care while coping with ever increasing influx of patients.

“Palliative care is of utmost importance for delivering humane, effective care that is aligned with patients’ expectations, including COVID-19 patients, as we seek to improve care and comfort for the numerous patients who require the service.’’

The physician said that COVID-19 resulted in poorer access to controlled medicine, especially for those suffering from chronic illnesses, and increase in disease morbidities and mortalities.

She said that the unprecedented nature of COVID-19 offered huge opportunities to learn lessons on expanding palliative care competencies, stockpiling opioid reserves and reinforcing primary healthcare system.

Also, Dr Richards Afonja, the CEO, American Hospitals and Resort, Lagos, said that in spite its proven benefits, access and acceptance of palliative care was highly limited in Nigeria.

Afonja said that palliative care not only provided comfort for an individual suffering from a serious life-limiting illness, it also helped their families to cope with the grieving and loss in the event of a death.

“Palliative care helps a person grappling with a life-threatening illness to have some dignity and also have the confidence to relate better with their family members as they are dying.

“It can make the process of dying more bearable and reduce the grieving of the family members,” he said.

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INTERNATIONAL

China, WHO in talks for assessing COVID-19 vaccines for global use

China is in talks to have its locally-produced COVID-19 vaccines assessed by the World Health Organisation, as a step toward making them available for international use, a WHO official said on Tuesday.

Hundreds of thousands of essential workers and other groups considered at high risk in China have been given locally-developed vaccines even as clinical trials had not been fully completed.

Meanwhile, the locally-developed vaccines had raised safety concerns among experts.

Socorro Escalate, WHO’s coordinator for essential medicines and health technologies in the Western Pacific region, told a news conference conducted online that China had held preliminary discussions with WHO to have its vaccines included in a list for emergency use.

“The WHO’s emergency use listing procedure allows unlicensed vaccines and treatments to be assessed to expedite their availability in public health emergencies.

“This helps assist the WHO’s member states and UN procurement agencies to determine the acceptability of the vaccines.

“Potentially through this emergency use listing the quality and safety of these vaccines and efficacy could be assessed and then this could be made available for our licensees,” Escalante said.

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NEWS & LIFE

WHO warns of influenza vaccine bottlenecks

The big demand for influenza vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to shortages, the World Health Organisation (WHO) said on Friday.

Countries that do not have enough influenza vaccine doses should set priorities for health workers and older people, according to a new WHO guidance.

The UN health agency’s top immunisation officer, Ann Moen, said this at a news conference in Geneva.

Moen said that demand for influenza shots had risen as countries are seeking to prevent this disease in order to keep hospital beds free for COVID-19 patients.

Health authorities were not able to estimate their influenza vaccine needs correctly in advance, because orders had to be made at least nine months before the start of the flu season – before the COVID-19 pandemic started.

However, Moen had positive news from the southern hemisphere, where far less people have been infected with influenza than in previous years.

Less than one per cent of flu tests were positive during the season that has just ended in the South, Moen said, compared to the usual rates between 10 and 30 per cent.

Influenza and COVID-19 symptoms can be similar, and only a laboratory test can really tell the difference.

However, Moen said losing one’s sense of smell and taste is an indication of the novel coronavirus, in addition to fever and cold symptoms.

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INTERNATIONAL

Belgia says first COVID-19 vaccine to hit EU markets March 2021

The first coronavirus vaccine available to EU citizens should appear in March 2021, Belgian Health Minister, Maggie de Block, said on Thursday.

“In theory, the first vaccine will be from Sanofi and will appear in March here in Belgium and other EU countries,’’ the minister said.

According to her, physicians and the most vulnerable citizens will be the first to receive vaccines.

French pharmaceutical firm Sanofi was at the centre of a controversy earlier this year after an executive was quoted as saying that the U.S. would be given priority to receive the vaccine as the primary source of funding for its development.

The comments were quickly walked back by the company.

The European Commission is negotiating with several firms to secure pledges for the supply of a future COVID-19 vaccine.